Over the last 20 years, many European cities have been able to “re-create themselves”, to emerge from an economic and social crisis to re-establish a new identity and a new competitive position.Examples of such cases are in Birmingham, Manchester and Sheffield, Britain’s major manufacturing crises that have been able to identify new development directions towards tourism Sector ant third Sector. In Italy, the city of Turin, has been able to use the occasion of the 2006 Winter Olympics to completely change its image as an important tourist destination.
Over the space of 20 years, Lyon has been able to radically change its image from a “gray” manufacturing pole and less known to a big European city , both economically and socially and culturally.